Compressor



Dec. 1, 1931.. T, PQTTER 1,834,734

COMPRESSOR Filed April 17, 1929 42 j@ 4 J4 f5 E EMM-MM /4 TTU Z/vex/Patented Dec. 1, 1931 PATENT OFFICE THOMAS I. POTTER, OF PORTLAND,OREGON COMPRESSOR Application led April 17,

rlhis invention relates generally to compressors, and particularly tocompressors such as are used in refrigerating systems, with specialreference to compressors of the oscillating type.

The main object of this invention is to provide a compressor of theoscillating type having an improved form of port arrangement andadjustment therefor which will facilitate the manufacture of thecompressor by eliminating unnecessary accuracy in the production of theparts, as well as providing a means for counteract-ing any naturalaccumulation of errors which are bound to arise in such manufacture.

The second object is to provide ..a special port arrangement whereby theports of the compressor may be accurately positioned With reference toeach other, and their relation to the cylinder itself may be made easilyan'daccurately adjustable.

The third object is to so construct the compressor that the port actionWill be extremely rapid as to its closing and opening functions.

The fourth object is to provide a compressor whose clearance losses canbe reduced to a minimum by constructing the cylinder with open ends,which also facilitates the manufacture thereof.

These, and other objects, will become more apparent from thespecification following as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

Figure 1 is a vertical section throughthe compressor taken along theline 1-1 in Figure 2. Figure 2 is a transverse section through thecompressor taken along the line 2-2 in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a sideelevation of a port ring. Figure 4 is a plan of a port ring. Figure 5 isabottom view of a port ring. Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view showingthe'piston in a straight line or dead center position. Figure 7illustrates the piston in a discharge position. -Figure 8 illustratesthe piston in a suction position. Figure 9 illustrates a modified formof port opening used to facilitate the manufacture. Similar numbers ofreference refer to similar parts.

Referring in detail to the drawings, the

compressor consists of a pair of side frames 10 1929. Serial No.355,777.

and 11 in which are formed the bearings 12 provided with the bushings 13in which journals the crank shaft 14. The bearings 12 are in theuppermost portion of the side frames 10 and 11 and are provided with anoil re- 55 servoir 15 on the outer side thereof which are,

of course, within the frames 10 and 11. The side frame 10 is providedwith an opening 16 normally closed by a plug 17, by the removal of whichaccess may be had to the slotted end 18 of the crank shaft 14 for themanual rotation thereof. The frame 11 is provided with an extension 19.At the outer .end of the extension 19 is placed a cap `20 through whichthe shaft 14 passes and connects with the 65 coupling 21, through whichthe necessary rotative power is transmitted.

A packing 22 (describedin a co-pendin application Serial No. 364,497 )4is place against the inner side ofthe cap 20. The frames 10 and 11 areprovided with feet 23 by means of which they may be mounted on a base 24and held in position by the fastening bolts 25.

Between the frames 10 and 11 is placed a 75 crank case or body of thecompressor whose upper portion 26 is provided with ns 27 on its uppersurface and whose lower portion 28 is provided with a cylindrical recess29 in which is placed a pair of cylindrical port rings 30, each of whichis provided with a slot 31 through which can freely pass the piston 32.The cylindrical port rings 30 are adj ustably rotatable within therecess 29 and engage each other on adjacent faces v33. S5 Each port ring30 is provided with a pair of recesses 34 to receive the ends 35 of thetangential adjusting screws 36 which are threaded into the portions 37of the crank case body. Within each port ring 30 is. 90 placed anoscillating cylinder 38 provided with a cylindrical opening 39 for thepiston 32, and the transverse openings 40 which are used for preventingthe building up of pressures bet-Ween the cylinder elements 38. Eachport ring 30 is provided with a curved exhaust port 41' and a curvedintake port 42, and (as shown in Figure 6)y when the piston 32 is on a.dead center the edgel of the exhaust l port 41 coincides with the edgeof the cylin- 10o der opening 39, while the edge of the intake port 42is slightly removed therefrom.

The holes 4i kand 42 may either be continuous (as shown in Figures 7 to9) or may consist of curved rows of holes 41-A and 42-A, which would bemerely drilled instead of requiring a broaching operationwhere the portsare made continuous.

In the lowermost portion 43 of the crank case body are formed theexhaust opening 44 and" the suction opening 45 which are separated fromeach other by the wall46. That portion of each port ring 30 which isalways in contact with the face of the wall l 46 is provided with an oilgroove 47 which prevents the Huid being handled from being blown acrossa relatively narrow wall 4G.

cover plate 48 is placed over the openings 44 and 45 and held inposition by means of the screws 49. A suction duct 50 connects theopening 45 with the pipe 51 and an cX- haust or outlet port 52 connectsthe opening 44 with the pipe 53.

It is a well known fact that the eiiciency of compressors of this typeis dependent largely upon the accurate relation existing between theorts 41 and 42 and the opening 39. It has Ieen the common practice inthe past to form these ports in the body of the compressor itself, whichmight seem to be the logical position for same, but in actual practicethere is usually an accumulation of errors in the component parts which,if not self-corrective, will cause a serious misplacement of the portswith relation to their cylinder. These errors may occur in the formationof the ports themselves in their relation to each other, in the formingof the cylindrical opening 39 within the member 38, in the alignment ofthe aXis of the crank shaft 14 with relation to the axis of the recess29, and in numerous other details either independently or in conjunctionwith each other, and in spite of the utmost care in the construction ofsuch parts, it was found extremely difficult to secure a right portaction until they were made collectively adjustable with relation totheir cylinders and the ports themselves were formed in an element whosenature made it possible to accurately position these ports with relationto each other.

Obviously, when the compressor is assembled and the port rings 30 areadjusted to their best position, they are securely held in place by thescrews 36 and locked by means of the nuts 54.

I claim:

1. An oscillating compressorfhaving a cylinder and an adjustable portring in which 1the cylinder of said compressor can oscilate.

2. In an oscillating compressor, the combiv nation of a crank case, acrank shaft mounted in said case, a cylindrical port ring mounted insaid case having inlet and outlet ports formed therein,'means forrotatably adjusting said ring, a cylinder within said ring,

-anda piston within said cylinder operated .for adjusting the relationbetween said ports and said cylinder.

14. In an oscillating compressor, a somewhat cylindrical crank case atthe upper portion thereof, a cylindrical chamber formed in the lowerportion thereof, a port ring in said cylindrical chamber, adjustingscrews for rotatably adjusting said port ring, a pair of oppositelycurved ports formed therein having independent intake and dischargeconnections separated by a wall between said ports, the outer area ofsaid port ring between said ports having an oil groove formed therein, acylinder rockably mounted within said port ring, a plunger within saidcylinder adapted to draw a fluid through one of said ports and forcesame out ofthe other port, a crank shaft in said crank case foropera-ting said'4 plunger and an oil chamber in the lower portion ofsaid crank case whereby said cylinder can haveits lower portionsubmerged in lubricant.

5. In an oscillating compressor the combination of a crank shaft, arockable'cylinder whose axis is parallel to said crank shaft, a portring in which said cylinder journals, a plunger in said cylinderactuated by said crank shaft, a. support for said port ring,

and means for adjusting the relation between said port ring and a planepassing through the axes of said crank shaft and said port ring.

6.` In an oscillating compressor the combination of a crank case, acrank shaft mounted in said case, an oscillating cylinder, a plungerwithin said cylinder operated by sald crank, said crank case havinginlet and outlet ports, and an adjustable member interposedbetween theoscillatin cylinder and the crank case whereby a varlable cut-off forthe ports may be obtained.

In a compressor an oscillating cylinder open at both ends, one endhaving mounted therein a plunger and the other end forming the'inlet andoutlet opening for the cylinder, a bearing for said cylinder havinformed therein a pair of oppositely dispose curved ports to registeralternately with said cylinder during the course of its oscillations.

8. The combination of an oscillating cylinde-r having its pressure endcompletely open, and a bearing in which said cylinder can oscillate,said bearing having a air of oppositely disposed arcuate ports ormedtherein conforming to the sides of said cylinder and to registeralternately therewith.

9. A compressor having a crank in the upper portion thereof and anoscillating cylinder in the lower portion thereof, said oscillatingcylinder having a rotatably adjustable bearlng, said bearing having apair of oppositely curved spaced ports formed therein' between which theend of the cylinder oscillates, and means for adjusting the relativeoverlap between said cylinder and ports.

THOMAS I. POTTER.

